Brahma Vidyā or Ātma Vidyā: The science that is elaborated in Upanishads deals with God, world and man, the eternal curiosities of human mind. Upanishads (Vedānta) presented God as Sat-chit-Ānanda, pure existence or Truth, pure Consciousness and pure Bliss. That is, in other words, the infinite Brahman. All Upanishads emphasize only one aspect and they are all engaged in only one task: to prove that “Just as by the knowledge of one lump of clay we have the knowledge of all the clay (and its modifications) in the universe, so what is that knowledge knowing which we know everything in the universe?” The central theme of all Upanishads is the ‘spiritual unity and solidarity’ of all existence.Although the fundamental theme of Upanishad doctrine is god-realization and thereby attaining the ultimate, everlasting liberation from all human miseries, certain ideas emerge as central to the teaching of almost all Upanishads. The most important of them are the value of knowledge (jñāna) and the need for complete detachment (vairāgya). To the great Ṡankara Bhagavatpada these two aspects represent ‘the two wings that are indispensable for the soul, if it should soar unrestricted to its eternal home of freedom and peace’ (Viveka chudāmani). Only when the significance and relevance of these two conceptions is explained in terms of spiritual aspirations of the seeker, one can really get to know the central teaching of the Upanishads.
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